FOLKLORE

Thurochun (Folklore) ṭobul.

A ṭobul han tih hian historical fact anga chiang taka sawi fak a har a, a rei tawk tawh hle tih erawh a pawmawm thung. Khawvelin kan neih ṭan hun hriat a har a, eng hnam pawhin eng thawnthu emaw chu hma khawsang aṭangin kan nei vek hlawm a, ziaka dah a nih hma pawhin hnam thawnthu ang chi ho hi an lo awm tawh a ni. Hun hmasa lama hnam fing hmasate kan en chuan Greek leh Rom hote an langsar thei viau awm e. A bik takin Greek ho hi rin dan mak sak tak tak leh thawnthu ngaihnawm tak tak nei an ni a, a tlar hmasa ber luah thei tur an nih a rinawm. A hranpa taka chumi chu a ni, emaw, chumi hunah chuan, han tih fak faka a hun leh nî te history leh science anga han sawi chian fak theih hi a ni lem lo kan tih tawh kha.

Thawnthu te, hla te, thu ngaihnawm tak tak; pasalṭha chanchin aṭanga ramhuai chanchin thleng hian hnam anga khawsa mihringte zingah hmun pawimawh tak an chang reng a ni. A bul thum tak tak kan chhui dawn chuan, ‘hmânah’ tih deuh tawp mai loh chuan eng tik aṭang chiahin nge thurochun, thu chi hrang hrang hi kan neih hriat a har hle a ni. Dr. Kishore Jadav chuan he siamchawp khawvelin kum B.C. 4000 a chuan chhuah hmâ zawng kha chuan khawvel pumpui literature hi folk literature vek a ni a ti. Tichuan, hun a kal leh deuh a, B.C. 4000 leh B.C. 3000 inkarah ziak thiamna lamah Egypt leh Mesopotamia-ten hmâ an lo sawnin an thiam ta chauh a

.

Anni hnu-ah hian Asia-ah te, North Africa leh Mediterranean ramahte ziak thiamna chu a lo darh ta zel a, a la zir tir an nih avangin an thil tih erawh a beitham deuh a rinawm. Ti chuan kum zabi sawmparukna leh sawmpasarihna a lo thlen chuan hman lai chanchin ziak mite chuan thawnthu leh hnam chanchin ngaihnawm tak takte chu thawnthu sawi chhawng mite hnen aṭangin an lo ziak ṭan ta a ni. Hei hi a bul taka awmze nei lutuk la ni si lova bul ṭanna angah a ngaih theih mai awm e. Hnam thawnthu ngaihnawm tak tak ziaka an awm ta hrim hrim kha ngaihhlut tlâk a ni a, awmze neia bul ṭannaa han pawm atan pawh han iai na vak tur kei chuan ka hre lem lo.

Mumal deuh taka ziaka awm Thurochun kan hmuh hmasak ber erawh chu kum zabi sawmpakuana chawhma lamah chauh a ni thung. Thurochun, a bikin thawnthu lam hawi chhuina/dahkhawmna hmasa hrim hrim ni a lang chu German unau, ṭawng chung chang zir mi (philologist) Jacob Grimm leh Wilhelm Grim-ten Naupang Thawnthu (fairy tales) ‘Kinder Und Maurmarchen’ (Grimms’ Fairy Tale) an tih, thawnthu chi hrang hrang an lâkkhawm volume hmasa ber kum 1812-1814 chhunga an tihchhuah kha a ni. Hei hi folklore an la tih hmâ a ni. Hei hi a hlawma thawnthu ziaka dahna hmasa ber a ni a, a chhinchhiah tlâk hle.

Tin, heti lam chungchang sawia langsar leh tak pakhat chu, ‘The Golden Bough’ tih lehkhabu James George Frazer-an kum 1890-a a tihchhuah leh hi a ni. Hei hian thurochun chu a rawn khalh chhuak ṭha ta viau a, hmasâng rin dan tam tak, chiang lo ruaia an lo sawi ṭhin leh a thawnthu pawh chiang lo tak tak chu a rawn siam ṭha ta a ni. Thurochun han tih hian thawnthu hi rilruah a lang lian deuh ṭhin tlangpui bawk. Anni hnuah hian rochun thawnthu leh tuanmang thawnthu lamah Antti Aarne leh Stith Thompson ten an thawhhlawk viau bawk. Kum zabi sawmhnihna a lo thlen chuan tihdan thar (new trends) a rawn chhuak leh a, ‘folk’ tih hrim hrim an pawm dan chu an ngai pawimawh thar a, thuro chhiah, an lo inchhiah chhawn hrim hrim chi chu ‘folk’ huangah an senglutin an pawm (qualified) ta chauh a ni. An pawm dan chuan an hnathawh (occupation) te, an ṭawng (language) te, an chenna hmun hmâ (place of residence) te, kum (age) te leh an sakhua, an lo chawr chhuahna zawng zawngte hi an huamtir ta a ni. A ṭobul chhuina lam ai mahin a awmzia (meaning) sawifiah tumna lamah an kal nasa ta bawk a ni.

Thurochun (Folklore) thumal lo chhuahna.

Folklore tih thumal hrim hrim lo chhuahna hi han chhui ila. Literature huang hrang hrang, chhamhla (poetry) te, thawnthu phuah thar (novel) te, thutluang (prose) leh fakselna (criticism) te nena khaikhin ralah chuan a thumal lo chhuahna hrim hrim hi chu a la rei lo hle. Thutluang bikah hian Essay lo chhuahna chu kum 1580 a ni a, a tichhuaktu pawh Michel de Montaigne, french mi a ni tih pawh kan hriat hi. Chhamhla te phei hi chu a upa tawh lutuka a lo chhuah hun chiah pawh hi hriat theih a ni lo a ni awm e. Literature huangah chuan a upa ber a ni reng reng bawk. Fakselna pawh hi a upa zek mai, kum zabi pakhatna hma lamah daih tawh khan Aristotle-a chuan Criticism hi a lo ṭan tawh a, hei hi khawvelin Criticism a hriat hmasak leh pawmawm a tih a ni nghe nghe tih Siamkima Zalenna Ramah leh Thuhlarilah kan hmu a ni.

Heti taka hengho an upat lai hian, ‘Thurochun’ hi chuan kum zabi sawmpakuana tir lamah chauh awmze neiin hriat a hlawh chho ve a ni. Hman lai hnam hrang hrang chanchin hrim hrim hi zir a lo ni tawh ṭhin a, a bikin thawnthu hlui te, thurochhiah chi hrang hrang, ṭawngka maia inhlan chhawn chi hi a sawi chhuahna ṭawngkam thumal bik nei lem lovin ‘popular antiquities’ (hmanlai thil langsar) emaw ‘popular literature’ tiin thumal pahnih kaihkawpin an sawi mai ṭhin. Mahse kum 1846 a lo nih chuan William John Thoms chuan a thlakna tur a ngaihtuah chhuak ta a, ‘popular antiquities’ emaw ‘popular literature’ tih aiah chuan ‘folklore’ tih hman hi ṭha a ti a, magazine pakhat hnenah lehkha a thawn ta nghe nghe a. Ti chuan, chu a rawtna chu hman chhoh a ni ta a, heti lam zirna leh kaihhnawih reng rengah chuan ‘folklore’ tih hi hman a lo ni ta a ni. He a lehkha thawnna hi London Journal pakhat Athenaeum a ni nghe nghe.

Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore-in hemi chungchang a ziah chhuah dan hi a ngai ngaiin han tarlang ve nghe nghe ila a ṭha awm e. "Folklore (the word). Writing in The Athenaeum on 22 August 1846, the antiquarian W.J.Thoms invited readers to record ‘the manners, customs, observances, superstitions, ballads, proverbs….of olden time…what we in England designate as Popular Antiquities or Popular Literature though by-the-by it is more a Lore than a Literature, and would be more aptly described by a good Saxon compund, Folk-lore—the Lore of the People)." Lehkha a thawn hun hi kan hmuh ang hian August ni 22 kum 1846 a ni. Thoms-a chungchang hi Folklore huangah chuan a pawimawh kumkhua tawh ang, he thumal lamrik a nih apiangin a hming a lang tel ve zel tawh dawn a ni.a ni.

Thurochun (Folklore) Awmzia.

Thurochun awmzia hrilhfiah hi thil awlsam tak leh zuamawm tak zawng a ni lo. Pawmawm taka hrilhfiah phei chu thil awl ai a ni hauh lo vang. Mahse thil pakhat, hrilhfiahna hrang hrangte kan sawi hmâa ka sawi hmasak duh chu, he thurochun hi, ‘Hmanlai chanchina innghat a ni,’ tihah leh, ‘ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn,’ tihah hian kan lungrual thei vekin ka ring. A hrilhfiahna hi keini angina kan hmuh ve phâk maiah pawh (a tam lutuk lo nâa) a inang deuh ṭhum mai a, tawi fel taka sawi leh hrilhfiah erawh a har kan ti tlangin a lang.

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia-in a hrilhfiahna hi han sawi hmasa ber ila, "Thurochun (Folklore) chu ṭawngkâa inhlan chhawn thu leh hla a ni a. Hnam thawnthu tlanglawn leh lâr zual (popular tradition) mipuiten an vawn nun reng hi a ni," tiin. A sawifiah zelnaah chuan hengte hi a huam tir leh a, naupang thawnthu (fairy tales), thawnthu hla (ballads), pasalṭha hla (epics), thufing (proverbs) leh thu khirhkhan (riddles) te hi. Benjamin A. Botkin (A Treasury of American Folklore ziaktu) hrilhfiahna hi lo en ve leh thung ila, "Thurochun chuan heng, hmâsang rin dan (traditional beliefs), hnam dan (customs) leh an thusawi (saying), ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn, zau taka darh leh awmze nei thilte hi a huam a ni. Eng hnam pawh hian min phuarkhawmtu thu leh hla kan nei ṭheuh a, chu chuan kan zavaia hlawkna a pai ṭhin. Lehkha thiam leh thiam lohvin awmzia a nei lo va, thingtlang leh khawpui pawh a thlûk lo, nun dan phung min phuarkhawmtu kan neih hi thurochun chu a ni kan ti thei bawk ang," tiin.

Jan Brunvand, The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction ziaktu hrilhfiahna han thailang leh ila, "Thurochun chuan hengte hi a huam vek, thurochhiah, chhinchhiah ni si lo te (unwritten record), an nunphung inhlan chhawn hrim hrim leh an dandeh (style), mi pakhat aṭanga midanga inhlan chhawn zel hi a ni." Ani hian a hrilhfiah zelnaah chuan, "Thurochun chu a hman lai a, a biru (unofficial) bawk a, hnam nun zirna peng khat a ni bawk. Heng an thil ngaihhlut te, an ngaihtuah zawng te, an thiamna leh hriatna, leh an rinna ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn zel te pawh hi a tel vek a ni," tiin. Mizo lehkhabu, literature zirna lama rawn hlawh ber pawl Thuhlarilin a hrilhfiah dan hi han thailang ve hrim hrim ila, "Pi pute aṭanga ṭawngkaa inhlan chhawn thu leh hla; thu inrochun chhoh zel; thurochun. Mite’n an sak, an hril, an sawi, an tih leh ngaihthlak ṭhinte tu leh fate hnena an rochun," tiin a hrilhfiah a, a sawi mawlmang thiamin a tifiah thiam ngawt mai.

A tawp ber atan Richard A. Waterman-a hrilhfiahna hi han tarlang leh ila, "Thurochun chu thil awmze nei taka phuah leh rem a ni a. Thurochunin a huam tlangpui chu – thawnthu chi hrang hrang, thufing te, hla chi hrang hrang te, inthawina thiam hla leh indawina hla te, sakhua te, puithuna leh serh leh sang thil te, thil dang, hnam hrang hrangin an pi leh pute aṭanga an inrochun leh an inhlan chhawn zel thilte a ni," a ti a, a hawl kim viau a ni.

Hrilhfiahna chi hrang hrang kan tarlan aṭang hian Thurochun (Folklore) chu eng ang nge tih kan hre theiin a rinawm. A hrilhfiahna hi chi hrang hrang a tam êm êm a, tarlan vek sen pawh a ni lo. Tawi fel taka hrilhfiah hi a har ve deuh bawk a ni ang, Internet blogger pakhat phei chuan heti hian a sawi nghe nghe,"Lam (dance) hi eng chiah hi nge tih hrilhfiah turin dance historian zawt ila, tawi fel tak chuan a chhang thei kher lo vang. Chuti ang chiah chuan Thurochun pawh hi tawi fel taka hrilhfiah a harsa a ni," tiin. Ani bâkah hian Daniel Hoffman paw’n mi thiam zawng zawng an inlungrual theih vek bik loh thu heti hian a sawi, "Thurochun hi mi zawng zawng pawm tlan tura sawifiah a har a, mi thiamho (professional scholars) pawhin eng chiah hi nge thurochun chu tihah hian phei khai an vawr rual thei bik lo a ni," a ti ve thlâwt mai.

Hmasang rin dan te, tuanmang thawnthu (myth) kan tih ang chi te, hmâsâng thawnthu (legend) tia kan sawi mai te, hmâsâng huna an serh leh sang, thu khirh khan, Mizoten pûm titi kan tih ang chi te, ṭawng upa te, thufing te, an zai te, an thurochhiah te, ṭawngkaa an lo inhlan chhawn zelte hi Thurochun chu a ni ti ila, a buk ṭhelh chuan kan ṭhelh bik kher lo vang. Tin, Thurochun hian peng hrang hrang a nei leh tih hre tel ila a ṭha awm e. Folk Literature te, Folk Narrative te, Folk Music-te pawh hi Folklore huang chhunga mi an ni.

Folklore danglamna

Folklore hi a danglamna sawi tur a awm ve a. Zirna huangah chuan a dang ngaihtuahin a la mikhual ang reng viau a. Mahse chuti chung chuan a pawimawh chho tulh tulh tawh a, a pawimawhna hi kan la hre dawn chauhin a rinawm. A chhan chu nun tarlanna awmze nei leh zir tlak a nihna hi a ni awm e.‘Literature chuan hringnun a tarlang tur a ni,’ tih thu kan sawi ṭhin a, a dik pawh a dik. Hemi thlirna aṭang chiah hian thlir ta ila, eng hnam pawh hian history chu an lo nei vek a, chumi va zir chianna leh awmze nei taka chikna hi chu thurochunah chauh hian kan hmu theiin a rinawm. History zirna (subject) chuan thil thleng chauh a huam laiin thurochun hi chuan thu mak tak tak, phuahchawp ang chi te pawh a huap vek a, history chuan a tak (facts & figure) chauh a huam laiin thurochun chuan a tak ni thei awm lo tuanmang thute pawh a huam tel vek a, hei hi a danglamna langsar tak pakhat a ni. Thurochun chuan he khawvelin a pawm loh leh nia a ngaih theih loh tam takte chu zalenna a pe a, thiam a chantirin hmuh theihin kan zingah a tarlang a ni.

Thurochun hian hnathawh hrang hrang pawimawh tak tak a nei ve a ni. Tuanmang thawnthu hian leilung lo pian dan chanchin min hrilhfiah a. Mizote pawhin Phivawk leh Changpat hmangin khawvel, lung hmun hlira khat chu chenna tlak, lei hmunah an siam tih kan hmu a, mihrâng Chhûra’n a vaw zawl leh ta niawma sawina kan nei a, a ngaihnawm viau a ni.1 An rin dan leh an serh leh sang bul te pawh min kawhhmuh a ni.

Tin, thawnthu (Tales) reng reng hi hnam mawl (tribal) te chanchin zir nan a hman tlak vek bawk a ni. Thufing (proverb) zawng zawng hian nun chhungril ṭhatna (moral) min zirtir bawk. Thu khirhkhan hrang hrang te hian kan fin leh fin loh (wit) a tarlang ṭha êm êm a. Thurochun hian heng, hnam indin dan leh leilung ropuina te pawh min hmuh tir thei a ni. Tuanmang thawnthu chi hrang hrang aṭangin mumal takin hnam lungphum kan hre thei a, eng hmanrua nge an hman ṭhin tih a tar lang a, an sakhaw rin dan leh an nun rawn inher danglam chhoh dan (life cycle) te thlengin min hrilh a ni.

William A. Wilson chuan tihian a sawi nghe nghe, "Thurochun hi heti lam zirna hawi thil dang (discipline) zawng zawng aiin hnam hausakna leh nihphung (cultural heritage) lo awm tawh nena kan inlaichinna ṭha zirna a awm lo. He thurochun hi hnam hrang hrang nunphung inlaichinna zir nan a tluk tu an awm lo. Mihring hi eng nge (?) tih kan hriat chian theihna ṭha ber a tling a ni," a ti a. A dik viau reng a ni.

A tlangkawmna.

A tlangkawmna ka ziah dawn lai hian thil pakhat ka rilru-ah a lo lang a, chu chu miten, "Mizo subject-ah hian eng nge in zir le?" min tih fo ṭhinna thu hi a ni. An hriat loh vang chu a ni tak na a, an hre lo satliah mai ni lovin, an hre lo tih pawh an inhre lo ni hialin ka hria. Kan hnama chian tih te hi kan sawi teh fo va, chhinlung chhuak kan nihnaah pawh hian kan rinawm meuh si lo. Hnam huaisen kan ni kan ti a, Khuangchera leh Taitesena te kan sawi vung hlur a, Chhura leh Lalruanga finna ropui tak kan hmaih leh si! Wrestling en kan hrat viau a, Paihteliana pawh kan hre mang si lo; hnamah hian chiang takin a chian theih loh a ni.

Thurochun bik zirna lam phei chu lehkhabu pawh pakhat bâk rawn tur leh han en tur kan la nei rih lo va, a khawharthlâk a, hmabâk kan la ngahzia a lang a, kan hnam rilru sukthlêk te hi awmze nei takin kan thawnthu tam takte hian min hrilh a ni tih hi kan zir chhuah pui a, Rapunzel-I thawnthu aia Mauruangi thawnthu kan ngainat a ngai a, Chemtatrawta khan a chem tihhriam tumin luikamah khan a hun awmze neiin a hmang tih kan zir a ngai a, sapho film siam Werewolf kan tuipui viau a, Keimi thawnthu kan nei ve a ni tih pawh kan hriat loh chuan eng tikah mah hnamah hian awmze thûk tak neiin kan chiang ngai lo vang. A tawp berah chuan kan Thurochun chi hrang hrang hian kan duh emaw duh lo emaw min la ti Mizo ve hram hram a, kan Mizona chungchang sawi dawn ila tlawmngaihna ringawtah hian a fiah zo lo va, Thlanrawkpa khuangchawi aṭanga nula huaisen Laltheri tal hi kan sawi a ngai tawh a ni. Chu tah chuan thûk taka Mizona leh induhna hi a inphum a ni.

Biakrawnte:

1. Abrams M.H., A Glossary of Literary Terms, Published by Rajiv Bery for Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi, 2007, Reprinted.

2. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Version: 2008.00.00.000000000, 2009.

3. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. © Cambridge University Press 2003. Version 1.0 Copyright © Software TEXTware A/S, Copenhagen 2003.

4. Dahrawka P.S., Mizo Thawnthu, Published by Thankhumi, Chhinga Veng. Fifth Edition, 2008.

5. Daniel Hoffman, Form and Fable in American Fiction 1994.

6. Jadav Kishore Dr., Folklore and its Motifs in Mod-ern Literature, Manas Publication, New Delhi, 1998.

7. Khawlhring Siamkima., Zalenna Ram, Published by M.C. Lalrinthanga, 3rd Edition, 2002.

8. Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana, Mizos of North East India, LTL Publications, 2008. 

9. Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana,Mizo Folklore-I : Folktales of Mizoram, Published by Deptt. of Art & Culture and LTL Publications, Aizawl,1997.

10. Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana, Thuhlaril (Literary Trends & Mizo Literature, Published by College Textbook (Mizo) Editorual Board, Chhut Li-na, 2006.

11. Lalruanga Dr. Mizo thawnthu Zirzauna, Zomi Book Agency Publication, 2000.

12. Mizo Academy of Letters, Zo Kalsiam, Published by M.A.L., First Edition, 1997.

13. Patnaik Nityanand Dr., Folklore of Tribal Communities, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

14. Simpson J. & Roud S., Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore. 2000.

15. Thu leh Hla Compiled 2002.

16. Tribal Research Institute, Department of Art & Culture, Mizo Thawnthu, Reprint : 2008.