Mizo zinga Pastor hmasa,
hlaphuahtu leh letlingtu, ziakmi langsar leh literature lamah pawh mi pawimawh
nihna dinhmun hauh pha Pastor Liangkhaia tupa Prof. Laltluangliana Khiangte hi
Upa Tlanghmingthanga leh Pi Darngeni Khawlhring te fa pangana ni turin kum
1961, June ni 28-ah Saitual khuaah a lo piang a. Mi tum ruh leh taima a ni a, a
thiltih reng rengah hlawhchham tum lo mi, a tiṭha ber nih tum tlat ṭhin leh chumi ni thei tura a theihtawpa bei ṭhin principle nghet tak
nei a ni. A chanchin hi sawi tur tam tak a awm a, a zawng zawng chu kan sawi
vek thei rih dawn lo a, a pawimawh ber zawk, a kutchhuakte thailan tam zawk kan
tum dawn avangin a tlangpui leh pawimawh nia langte chauh kan ziak lang dawn a
ni. A nupui Lalramhluni nen hian kum 1987 December ni 9-ah inneiin tunah hian
Mission Vengah an fate pali nen chhungkaw hlim tak niin an khawsa mek a ni.
Zirna lama a chanchin tlangpui: A pianna khua Saitual-ah sikul a
kal ṭan a, mahse
A-Pawl chauh a zir hman tihin Aizawl lamah insawnin B-Pawl chu kum 1967-ah
Boys’ L.P.School(Sikul Sen)-ah a zirzawm leh a; a pa hnathawhna lamah insawn
lehin Vairengte Govt. Primary School aṭangin pawl thum chu a zo thung. Lehkhathiam tia chhal ve
ngam tur chi rawn ni chhovin Pawl li Scholarship exam-ah Mizoram pumah pakhatna
a ni a, kum 1978 HSLC exam-ah Mizoram pumah palina a ni leh bawk a ni. Mahse
hemi pahnih bak hi chu a ram pum anga nihna ropui han sawi tham zirna lamah
hian a nei ta lo va, mahse a thiam theilo tihna erawh a ni chuang lo. Mi
<-te tuallenna Shillong-a St. Anthony’s College aṭangin kum 1980-ah P.U. Science a
zo va, BA(Eng) St. Edmund’s College ah zir leh in kum
1982-ah a zo leh a; NEHU aṭangin MA(Eng) chu 2nd
class-ah kum 1984-ah khan a pass ta a ni. Kum 1985 aṭangin Lecturer hna a thawk ṭan a. Mi taima tak a ni bawk a,
‘hna ka hmuh tawh hi’ ti mai lovin kum 1986 aṭangin research a bei chho leh ṭang ṭang a, kum 1991 February a lo
inher chhuah meuh chuan Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy in Literature) a
hlawh chhuak ta a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan chawl chuang lovin Post-Doctoral
research a bei chho zel a, Folklore (rochun thawnthu) lam a
zirchianna thuziak leh Literature lama a thuziak dangte avangin kum 1999
February-ah khan International University of Washington chuan D.Litt
(Doctor of Literature) an rawn pe ta a ni. Kum 1999 ah NEHU, Mizoram
Campus chu Reader-in a zawm a. Kum 2005-ah phei chuan kum 45 mi
chauh niin Professor-ah hlan kai a lo ni ta hial a ni. Heng zawng zawng
hi a thawhrimna leh theihtawpa a beihna rahchhuah, ngaihnawm leh ngaihtuahna
fan thei thil amaha awm chu an ni.
Eizawnna hna lam: MA a zir zawh hnuin Hrangbana
College-ah English Lecturer hna a thawk zawk a, Aizawl College-ah
insuanin he a hna hi a chhunzawm a. Chumi hnu-ah erawh chuan Pachhunga
University College-ah kum 1985 September ni 20 aṭangin Mizo Lecturer hna a
thawk ta thung a ni. Kum 1997-a Mizo Department, NEHU-a a lo din khan Guest
Lecturer angin a thawk nghal a. Reader atan lak a ni chho a,
February ni 9, kum 1999 khan a hna thar chu zawmin Mizo Department-a Reader
hmasa ber a ni ta a ni. He a hna hi tun thlengin ala chhunzawm ta zel a, kan
sawi tak angin Professor hial tunah chuan a ni tawh a ni.
Literature lama a hnuhma: Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte hi a
kutchhuakte aṭanga kan teh
dawn a nih chuan Playwright tih ngei tur a ni ang. Hemi lamah hian
kutchhuak a ngah lâwt lak a, a degree hmuhna a ni bawk, heti lama
mithiam tia kan chhal tur Mizoten kan neih hmasak ber a ni. Drama
zirchianna lamah a bul ṭantu dik tak
leh mi hmasa, midangte tana kawng lo sialtu pawimawh tak a ni. Tin, amah hi Folklorist
tia hriatreng tur chi a ni bawk. Heti lamah hian amah tluka zirchiang leh kan Mizo
thawnthu hlui, inrochun thawnthu (Folklore) chipchiar taka luhchilh an
awm lo leh bawk kan ti thei ang. Tin, lehkhabu ziak lamah hian a thawh hlawk
hle a, lehkhabu hi a vaiin a kutkawih bil luau liau hi 28 a ziak tawh a, hemi
bakah Editor a nihna emaw ama’n a edit lehkhabu hi lehkhabu 14 lai a nei
tawh bawk. Thil chhinchhiahtlâk tak pakhat chu Sapṭawnga lehkhabu a lo ziak nual hi
a ni. Heng a lehkhabu ziah zinga 6 hi chu Sapṭawnga a ziak an ni a, edited list zinga 6 hi English
an ni bawk. Hei hian mi satliah mai mai a ni lo tih leh mithiam a nih zia a
tarlang chiang hle a ni. Kum 1993 aṭangin kum tin lehkhabu pakhat tal
tihchhuah tumin a intiam a, ala tichhuak ziah bawk a ni. Hlaphuahtu dik tak tia
sawi theih tur a ni leh bawk a. Hlaphuah hi kum 1981 aṭanga ṭanin vawiin thleng hian chawl
lovin a la chhunzawm ta char char a, a hlahril phuah ho hi a vaiin English poem
ho nena belhkhawm vek chuan 100 chuang fe a tling tawh a ni! Heng a hla phuahte
hi Rochuam tih leh Thlifim tihin a chhuah tawh a, zir chian tham fe heti lamah
hian kutchhuak a lo nei tawh a ni. Criticism huang chhungah pawh khung
tel ila tu pawi mah kan sawi kher lo vang. Lehkhabu bihchianna tam tak a ziak
tawh a, mi hla chikna leh thil thlir dan thar a duang chhuak ṭhin bawk. A nihna pakhat ziah lan
loh theih loh chu Essayist a nihna hi a ni. Amah hi mi inzir reng, chawl
mai mai ngailo a ni a, thu ziak hi a ngah tawh ṭen ṭawn hle a,
700 a chuang tawh hial awm e. Literary
history tana a tha thawh hi ṭhangthar lehzelah pawh a hlutna a zual zel tawh ngei ang.
Thuhlaril (Literary trends and Mizo Literature) kum 1995-a chhuah hi
heti lampang thu inziahna chipchiar leh rintlak kan neih hmasak ber a ni hial
awm e. He lehkhabu hi a buaipuitu ber a ni a, a pawimawh vet vet khawp mai.
|awng (language) hmasawnna tura a tha thawh zo zai pawh hi hmaih phal
chi a ni lo. Kan hnam bil ṭawng hmasawn
nan ṭawng thar
chher a tum em em a, a lehkhabu ziakah te pawh a theih chhung chu english-a
ziak lovin Mizo ṭawngin a
ziak lui hram hram ṭhin. English
thumalte pawh Mizoṭawngin (Mizo
ṭawng) a ziak lui hram hram ṭhin bawk.
Literature lama a kutchhuak hrang hrang
avang leh Zirna lama a hnathawhte vangin kum 2006-ah India mite hnena Civil
mi chawimawina sangber Padma Shree Award chu Literature &
Education-ah hlan a ni a. Kum 2003-ah National Award, Rasthtriya Lok
Bhasha Samman-2003 hlan a ni a, hei hi Tribal Scholar chhuanawm
bikte hnena an hlan ṭhin a ni.
Tin, Bharat Adivasi Samman-2005 a dawng leh bawk a. Hei bâkah hian a
hnampuite hnen aṭangin
chawimawina a dawng nual tawh bawk. A lemchan ziak Pasalṭha Khuangchera chu Book of the Year-1997 ah
thlan a ni a, a lemchan tho Lalnu Ropuiliani chu Mizoram State Drama Writing
Competition, 1990-a neihah lawmman pakhatna a lak pui tawh bawk. Kum
2002-ah Lunglei Drama Society chuan Mizo lemchana a tha thawhte avangin
Distinguished Playwright Award an hlan bawk. Tin, Prof. Laltluangliana
khiangte hi Sahitya Akademi chuan Who’s Who of Indian Writers
zingah an telh a, FUWAI (Fellow of United Writers Association of India)
member a ni a, American Biographer Institute chuan
Distinguished Leadership Award pein, Who’s Who Directory-ah a hming
an chuan tir a.. Cambridge-a IBC chuan Who’s Who of
Intellectuals bu-ah leh International Authors and Writers Who’s Who 1997-ah
an telh bawk. Heng bâkah hian Asia/Pacific Who’s Who Vol-III-ah a
hming hi a la chuang cheu bawk, Mizo Who’s Who 1994 & 2001 a a tel
thu pawh hi han sawi tel hram ila. Heng kan han tarlan aṭang ringawt pawh hian a chanchin
kan sawia hi tunge a nih tih chu kan ring thiamin kan hrethiam mai awm e.
Heti
ang mi thiam, kum 45 chauh ni a Professor ni thei, ram leh hnam
hmangaihna rilru pu, a hnam hmasawnna tura theihtawp chhuah reng ṭhin, mi inzir reng peih, mahni
puala Library hial pawh nei, kawng hrang hrang aṭanga teh pawha ‘mi pakhat’
nih tlingzo a ni ang hi chu an vang hle awm e, a chanchin chipchiar tak kan
ziak dawn lo va, a kutchhuakte erawh a theih chin chinah leh kan thiam ang tawk
tawkin kan chhui zui dawn a ni. A pawimawh ber chu amah ang kan lo nei hi
kan vannei hle a ni tih hriat hi a ni.
Prof. Laltluangliana Khiangte
kutchhuak thlirna:
Prof.
Laltluangliana kutchhuakte hi a ṭhahnem hle a, chipchiar tak chuan kan chhuiin kan bihchiang
vek hman lo ang a, amaherawhchu a rualpawl tawk erawh chuan he thlawhhma hi kan
thlo turah ngai ang. A hmasa berin, lehkhabu ziak lamah hian a thawh hlawk em
em a, ama kutkawih liau liau (Edited tel lovin) hi a vaiin 28 lai a tling a,
heng zinga paruk phei hi chu english-a a ziak an ni nghe nghe. Mimalah chuan Mizo
zinga kutchhuak nei tam ber a tling ngei ang. Tin, a kutkawih bil ni lo ti mai
ila, a bul erawh a tum ni si, ama chhuah, emaw editor a nihna hi lehkhabu 14 a
nei bawk. Hengah hian paruk chu English a ni a, pariat chu Mizo a ni. A
lehkhabu ziahho hi ngun taka kan thlir chuan thil chik mi leh mi inzir peih tak
a ni tih a chiang em em a ni. Drama lampang a ziahna hi bu 4(Lemchan Khawvel-I,
Lemchan Khawvel-2, Chanchinṭha Meichher,
Chantual Ennawm-I) a ni a, a tuina ber leh, a thawhhlawkna ber huanga a ngaih
leh chu chu mite pawm dan pawh a ni. Poetry hi a phuah tam tawh hle a,
heng a hla phuahte hi lehkhabu 3(Rochuam, Mizo Hlahril Thlanchhuahte, Thlifim)
hmangin a pho chhuak tawh bawk a. Mi taima a ni bawk a, Biography pawh 4
(Lunghlu, Liangkhaia Lungphun, Thlaler Nula, Khawlkungi leh a Kutchhuak) ngawt
a ziak tawh bawk a ni. Mizote Literature-a kan ṭhan zel theihna tura Thuhlaril a
lo siam te hian a hlutna chu ṭhangthar
zelah pawh ala chhem alh zel ang tih min hrilh nawn fo ṭhin. He lehkhabu hi Mizo
Literature chungchang leh Literature hrim hrim zir tur tan chuan number
one a tling hial awm e. Mak angreng takin translation lamah pawh
kuthnu a neia, ‘Hamlet-a leh a ziaktu’ tih Mizo ṭawnga a letling hi a kalh tikimtu
ni ringawt lovin a thiam zia pholangtu pakhat a ni. Tin, heng kan sawi bâkah
hian ṭhalai
chanchin te, thuziak chi hrang hrang dahkhawmna te, leh infiamna chungchang
thlengin a ziak a ni. A lehkhabu ziakte chu a vaiin han tarlang ila;
Mizo
ṭawnga a ziak lehkhabute:
1) Thupui Pawimawh Pali (1989)
2) Lehkhabu Ramtiam (1993)
3) |halai Chanchin (1993)
4) Chanchinṭha Meichher (1993)
5) Lemchan Khawvel – I (1994)
6) Thuhlaril (1995)
7) Biakliana Robawm (1996)
8) Lemchan Khawvel – II (1997)
9) Infiamna Khawvel leh Rawngbawlna (1998)
10) Mizo Thuziak Thlanchhuahte
(1999)
11) Mizo Hlahril Thlanchhuahte
(1999)
12) Liangkhaia Lungphun (2000)
13) Chantual Ennawm – I (2001)
14) Thleler Nula (2001)
15) Thlifim (2001)
16) Hamlet leh a Ziaktu (2002)
17) Zalenpâr – I (2003)
18) Lunghlu (2004)
19) Rochuam (2006)
20) Khawlkungi leh a kutchhuak
(2007)
21) Mizo Hla leh Chham hlate
(2009)
22) Korea & Ram fan
Thukhawchang (2009)
English-a a ziak lehkhabute:
1) Mizo Drama-Origin, Development & Themes
(1993)
2) Mizo Folklore - I : Folktales of Mizoram
(1997)
3) An Introduction of Mizo Literature
(compilation) (2001)
4) Mizo Songs and Folk Tales (2002)
5) Capt. L.Z. Sailo : Padma Bhushan Awardee
(Biography) (2007)
6) Mizos of North East India (2008)
Tin, a kutchhuak ni tho si, mahse
amah pawhin edited tia a dah hi a awm nual bawka chungte chu lo tarlang leh
ila:
1) English Poetry – Study Aid (1988)
2) Songs of Precious Blood (2000)
3) The Golden Lines (2000)
4) Memorable Poems and Essays (2001)
5) World Literature (2005)
6) Joy to the world Peace Festival (2005)
7) Khawtlang Meichher (1988)
8) Thupui Zirbingte (1989)
9) Lemchan Thawnthu – 2 (1990)
10) Vanglai Hlimthla (2000)
11) Logos (2003)
12) Hmeichhe Sikul (2003)
13) Mizo Lehkhabu Zempui (2005)
Lehkhabu
pakhat buatsaih pawh thil harsa tak a nih laiin ani hi chuan kum 1993 aṭang phei chuan kumtin lehkhabu
pakhat tal a ziak ziah thei a. A kutchhuak kan tarlan zawng zawng hi a vaiin 40
chiah a ni a; ama kutkawih bil liau liau hi Mizo leh English-te nen a vaiin 28
lai a nei a, edited hi 13 a nei bawk. Tin, heng bâkah hian seminar paper
tam tak a ziak tawh a, lehkhabu thelêp kan tih mai ṭhin hi 16 a chhuah tawh bawk a, research
paper hi 30 chuang fe a ziak tawh bawk. Tunah chuan a zavai hi chuan
chipchiar tak chuan kan luhchhuak vek hman dawn lo va, a pawimawhna erawh a
theih chin chinah tarlan kan tum thung dawn a ni.
Laltluangliana Khiangte Hlate
thlirna
Laltluangliana
Khiangte hian hla hi a phuah tam tawh hle a, a bik takin chhamhla/hlahril kan
tih ang hi a phuah tam ber a, a saka sak chi (song) pawh a phuah nual
bawk. Heng a hlaphuahte hi Rochuam tih bu-ah leh Thlifim-ah a dah tam ber a, english-a
a phuah ho hi Mizo Songs and Folk Tales tihah a dah bawk. Tin, hla hi
kum 1981 aṭangin a
phuah ṭan niin
Rochuam-ah chuan a ziak a, vawiin thlengin chawl lovin a la phuah chhunzawm ta
zel a ni. A hlate hi ngun taka zirchian ngai chi, poetic technique hmuh
tur tam em em hla chi hrang hrang an ni. A Mizo hla kan hmuh theihte chu hengte
hi an ni:
1) Aw Zonun Mawi (1981)
2) Vuaia (1982)
3) Immanuela an sa ang (1984)
4) Rawngbawlpui nghilh loh nan (1986)
5) A liam ta e kum za (1986)
6) Kristian Chhungkua (1994)
7) Nghilh Ni (1999)
8) Ram thar I din ang u (1999)
9) Hnehna puanzar (1999)
10) Krista ram zauh kan hna pui ber (1999)
11) Piancham lawmpuina (2000)
12) Lungphang lo la aw Malsawm-Pa (2001)
13) Lal-Ngaih-Awm (2001)
14) Mizo Nun hlui leh tunlai (2002)
15) R. Lalsiamthanga Sunna (2002)
16) Sang zel ang aw (2002)
17) Van lal zawm Run (2002)
18) Ringlui ngam tana chawlhna (2002)
19) Chhermei Hlu (2002)
20) Inthlan hla (2002)
21) Zo hnam hmelma (2002)
22) Zo nun thar (2002)
23) Hei ang ram nuam awm maw (2002)
24) Zotuithiang ngei (2002)
25) Thiam-fin rahchhuah (2002)
26) Chûn nunnêm-kan ngai che (2002)
27) Ngaih lai Lungduh (2002)
28) Kan vannei em e (2002)
29) Saji-a nghilh loh nan (2002)]
30) Pasal Sun hla (2002)
31) Hnam-Ro-pâr (2002)
32) Tlâwm mai lovin (2003)
33) Kan chakna Lalpa (2003)
34) Tâng mai lo zo Laipui (2003)
35) Nun dik rinawm (2003)
36) Thu-hla Rimawi (2003)
37) Khawvel entu (2003)
38) Ram leh Hnam chhan zel turin (2003)
39) C. Dinthanga Lelte (2003)
40) Tinkim dawn malsawmna (2003)
41) Chham-hla chhun khawm chu (2003)
42) |awng tin mawi bu (2003)
43) Tluang tea ṭhang-Mizo Department (2003)
44) Thlaler Lânu (2003)
45) Chhandam Zofa-te (2003)]
46) Chham-hla thla khâwngin (2004)
47) Min awmpui rawh (2004)
48) An hlû e-Pasalṭha (2004)
49) MSV – K|P Branch hi e! (2004)
50) Tuarhar-ṭha sensiar (2004)
51) Pa kan sûn ta – MÂFA (2004)
52) I thawk zel ang u (2004)
53) Lunghlû (2004)
54) Hlim lai nite (2004)
55) Thawk zel tur lei-tirhkoh (2004)
56) Zo hnam pasalṭhate (2004)
57) YMA-Zo than siamtu (2004)
58) Kungpui Sai Ngai lo tur (2004)
59) Van nunna tui liak (2004)
60) Nghilh lohna pâr a uai (2004)
61) Aw driver sap (200)
62) |anpui vartu hnai reng (2005)
63) Hnam ro chhertu mi-ril (2005)
64) SNA- Hlado (2005)
65) An hmanhlel Zirlaite (1981)
66) Bum Hmang (1983)
67) No khat ei ṭheuh ṭheuh (1982)
68) Van ro mawi (1999)
69) Nghilh loh Zemawia (1999)
70) Biakliana Riahrun (1997)
71) Malsawm Manna (2000)
72) Ziak loh Zirlai (2000)
73) Nunrawng hmelchhia! (2000)
74) Sawm-|awngṭaia (
75) Thlasik (1989)
76) Zofate rohlu Zosapthara (1998)
77) Zan rau dangdai (
78) Lairilah I cham
79) Ka chhuan zua-pa (2001)
80) Zoden ram nuam (2000)
81) Tlang thianghlim (2000)
82) |hangthar Nun (2000)
83) Mizo Zirlai Pawl (2000)
84) Ka chun-voh (2001)
85) Dan hlu-Tlawmngaihna
86) Lalruanga Dawi bur thar (2001)
87) Mizoram University chu maw!!!
88) Major Laldailova nghilh loh nan
Heng
a hla phuah kan hmuh mai theihte hi mimal kutchhuakah chuan a ṭhahnem hle a, tin a hlate hi chi
hrang hrang an ni hlawm a, hla phuahtu ṭhenkhat hla anga hlawm thuma ṭhen ve phawk theih ang chi a ni
ve lo va, hei tak hi a hlutna leh zirchian a ngaihna a ni erawh kan ti thei
ang. Tin, English-in hla 16 vel a phuah tawh a, Mizo hla 14 lai mai english-in
a letling tawh bawk. Tun ṭumah hi
chuan a lehlin leh sapṭawnga a
phuah hi kan thlir tel rih dawn lo va, a hla chungchang bik zirchianna a nih
loh avangin kan telh rih dawn lo a ni. Sawi kai a lo remchang viau a nih erawh
chuan han sawi tel zawk chu a rem tho turah ngai ila. Heti ang hian a Mizo
hlate chu lo ṭhen ta ila:
1) Pathian
Hla
2) Mizo
Nun a phuahna
3) Hnam
Voh hla (Patriotic Song)
4) Hun
bik leh lawmpuina hla
5) Sunna
(elegy)
6) Hla lenglawng.
A hlate hi chi hrang a tam em
avangin a ṭhen hran
pawh thil awlsam tak a ni hauh lo mai. Tuna kan ṭhen dan huangah khi chuan a khung kim theihin ka’n ring
deuh va, a la kim pha lo hial maithei bawk e!
A
hla hawi zawng:
A
hlate ngun taka kan zira kan en chuan Mizo nun a veizia a lang tam ber tih a
hriat a, a dawttu-ah chuan Pathian hla a tam leh a, mi lawmpuina hla leh hun
bik thil thleng a phuahna a ṭhahnem viau
bawk. Chiang êm êmin a hnam leh ram a hmangaihzia a hla ṭhenkhat ‘hnam voh hla’ a
tih mai aṭangin a hmuh
theih a, thu leh hla chungchang thlengin a hla-ah hian hmuh tur a awm a, zirna
chungchang a phuahte pawh hi thil vâng tak tur a ni. Tin, a hla phuah tam berte
hi chu sak theih tur chi a siam a ni lo va, amah ngei pawhin ti hian a sawi, “keia
hla han phuah vete hi zawng-sak tura duansa a ni lo. Sapin chhamhla (poem) an
tih ang chi tura duan a ni deuh ber a,” tiin.1
A hla
phuahte reng reng hi han zir chian chuan a lo hluin a lo chikim hle mai a. A
hla tam tak hi chuan rhyme scheme an nei ṭha hlawm êm êm a, acrostic poem an tih ang chi, a
tlar bul awmze nei ringawt pawh hi 13 chuang a phuah thei nia! A hla hlut lehna
êm êm pakhat chu a hla eng emaw zata hla lamrik bikim a dah thei hi a ni. A hla
pakhat ‘Ringlui Ngam Tana Chawlhna’ tih ang chite hian awmzia a nei êm êm mai
a, a hla tlar tin hi lamrik sawmpakhat an ni a, a vaiin tlar sawmpali a ni bawk
a, chu vangin hendecasyllabic verse a nihna mai bâkah Sonnet ṭha tak a tling a ni. Hla tlar tin
lamrik inzat hi mi nazawng tan chuan han tih chi pawh niin a lang lo va, mahse
a ni hi chuan awmze nei takin a chham pawh nuam tak thovin a dah thiam a, a
ropuina pakhat a tling. A ram leh hnam a vei zia a hla aṭang hian tam tak hmuh tur a awm
bawk a, a bik takin Mizo nun a veina hian a thinlung vawi tam tak a kaihruai ṭhin tih a hriat hle.
“A mak ngei kan nun pâr ang tla e,
Ham hai renga ni tin phî buaiin,
Hlawk kan tum fan – lêng dang khum
turin” a’n ti te te
a, dimna awm hauh lo va,
“‘Sem sem
dam dam,’ tia leng ṭhin khan,
‘Kei! Kei!’
tiin eibil zai kan rêl”
tia mawi uluk fahran maia chu kan
nun pangpar ang maia mawia pâr ṭhin, duham
luatna hri ṭhalo laka
tlawm ta, midang khûm leh chungnun duhna hriin a a ei hlum nasat thu a han
sawifiah zawh chiaha kan Mizo thufing pakhat ngei mai hmanga kan nun a’n chhu
keuh hi ava’n mawi tehlul em. Hei lo liama hringnun tarlang ṭha hla hi hla tam tak an awm thei
bik chuang dawn em ni ka ti a ni? L. Biakliana’n ‘Chunnu’ tih hlaa lungtat par
hun a thlir reng ṭhin ang khan
beiseina nung he hlaah hian min hnutchhiah a,
“Zonun
thara khuavel mawi turin,
I
ṭangrual ang – Zofa zawng zawngte,
Nun
sual zei tin sat thlaa ṭangin,
Rinawm,
tlawmngaih, nun mawi tinrêng nen”
a han ti te hian ṭanrual hi chakna chauh ni lovin
khawvel thar dinna a ni tih min rin tir a, he hla hi thu han ni sela chuan, ‘insuihkhawm
lehna sermon’ pawh kan ti duh hial mai awm e! Pasal Sunna hla thleng maia
Zo nun chawisan a duhna a tuh thiam hi midangte neih ve loh a ni mai awm mang
e. Sunna hla hi mi chi hrang hrang hian an lo phuah tawhin an lo ziak chhuak
thlip thlep tawh a, mitthi uina leh an hriatrengna te, an ngaihzia tein an hla
chu an phuah kur chiam ṭhin. Mahse
Pu Tluangtea erawh chuan Pasal Sunna hlaah hian nupa ṭang ṭhen natzia ringawt sawi lovin, ṭhangthar nun dan ṭha chhawm nun a ṭul zia a zep thiam tlat nia maw
le!
“Zuapâ
ze hlû chhiar thiam turin,
|hang
leh thar zel ka ngen chiam e,
Malsawmtlak
nun ṭha sin zelin,
Zo
nun dik pâr chhuak zel rawh se”
He hla chang tawite aṭang mai pawh hian a phuahtu
duhthusam ram chu fiah takin a hmuh theihin a rinawm.
A
kutchhuak dang tam tak kan thlir tel dawn avangin a hla phuah ringawtah hi
chuan rei tak kan cham hman dawn lova, a hranpa taka zir tham a hla tam takte
hi he lai bung leh changah ringawt hi chuan kan sawifiahin kan chhui chiang
hman bawk hek lo vang. Mizo nun a veizia tilang hla kan tarlang tawh a, a hla
zia dang leh pakhat, a phuah tam em em lem loh Pathian fakna hla hi lo thlir
leh ila. Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte hlate reng reng hi kan sawi tawh angin a
saka sak tur chi a duan an ni ṭhin lem lo
va, mahse an hlutna erawh a bo chuang lo. A Pathian hlaah erawh hi chuan a saka
sak chi (song) a awm ve nual a, ‘Kan chakna Lalpa’ tih phei chu Lalruathlui’n
mawi takin a sa a, lâr pawh a lâr hle nghe nghe a ni. Pathian hla hi a vaiin 9
a phuah a, hengahte hian a langsar ber chu Isua Krista (Pathian) ram zauh
chungchang a ni mai awm e. Mihring chu keimahni chauh chuan kan kal thiam lo fo
ṭhin tih a hria a, chuvangin a nun
hruai tura a sawmna a lang leh a, a ram zauh zel a ṭulzia leh chu hna chu ringtute
hna a nihzia a sawi uar viau bawk. Amah mai chuan a himin a inhre bik lova,
thlamuantu a ngai ve a, nghet taka thinlung thlamuanna chu a duh a, mi famkim a
ni biklo tih inhriain ‘Min awmpui rawh’ tih hlaah chuan tihian a Pathian a au
a-
Aw,
ka ngai che - min hruai zel turin
Min
awmpui rawh thim hnuaiah pawh;
Chatuan
ram nuam kan thlen thlengin,
Min
kai ang che, Aw! KA LAL DUHAWM!
tiin. He hla hi kum 2004-a a
phuah a ni a, vansang ft.25,000 laia sang hmuna a phuah a ni. Pathian ram zauh
zel theihna tura thawk tur kan ni tih a inhrechiangin a vei em em a, chiang
takin ‘Thawk zel tur lei-tirhkoh’ tih hlaah chuan chu a ngaihdan leh a ṭhahnemngaihna chu a auchhuahpui
leh a-
Kan
vel buh hmun zau takah hian,
Thawk
turin Lalpan min ruat si a,
Tlawmsan
lova thawk zual zelin,
Nunna
Lallukhum chu kan chang ang.
Nunna lallukhum thlir chunga
thawh chu tu tan pawh a zangkhai ngei ang tih a rinawm a, a zep tel thiam hi
langsar si lova amah tihlutu chu a ni ngei mai. A hla dangte anglo takin a
Pathian hlaahte hian rhyme scheme a dah lem lo a, lamrik bikim ang chi pawh
hmuh tur a awm meuh lo. Pathian fakna hla a nih vangin ngai lovah a ruat pawh
ni fa hmiang! A vanram thlirna hla pakhat hi a mawi ngawt mai-
Rinnain
ka thlir chu Ram mawi chu,
Lungduh
zawngte siang kaina run nuam,
Lal
rawng bawl rinawmte khawpui hlun,
Thlen
ve ka nuam ngei chhun ni tinin.
A flow a ṭha a, chhiar pawh a nuamin chhiar
nawn tichakawm thei khawp mawina a pai a ni pawh ti ila ka inthiamlo hauh lo
vang. ‘Lungduh zawngte siang kaina run nuam’ han tih zawh maia ‘Lal
rawng bawl rinawmte khawpui hlun’ han tih zui hnep mai hi a va mawi tehlul
em. Upa Ralngama hla ni mai awma mawi niin ka hria ti ila mite pawi kan sawi
tam em lovang chu!
Dr.
Laltluangliana Khiangte hlate hi ngun taka kan chhiar a, kan en chuan rilruah
thil pakhat lo lang tel a awm a. Chu chu awlsam takin hla a phuah thei tih hi a
ni. A hla ṭhenkhat a
bikin lawmpuina hlate phei hi chu awlsam taka a phuah a nih thu amah pawhin a
pha lo va, heti hian C. Dinthanga a phuahna chungchang Rochuam-ah chuan a ziak,
“June 10, 2003 hian Lelte Kartin Chanchinbu-in kum 20 a tling a. A lawmna
Vanapa Hall-ah neih a ni. Zaithiamte an zai a, mi pawimawh bik hovin thu an
sawi a....mi pawimawh ni ve lem lo ho chuan kan lo thlir ve ngawih ngawih hlawm
a. Chutih lai chuan he Hla hi a lo piang ta a ni,” tiin.2 Tin, kan sawi tak ‘Min awmpui rawh’ tih hla
pawh kha vansanga a awm laia a phuah a ni bawk. Chawplehchilha hla phuah theite
hi hla phuah thiamte hla phuah thiamzia sawi nan hman a ni fo va, hemi
chungchang hi Dr. R.L. Thanmawia (Poetry-a Ph.D) chuan tihian a ziak a, “Hla
phuah thiamte an thiamzia kan sawina pakhat chu chawp leh chilh taka hla an
phuah mai theih ṭhinna chu a ni. Saikuti kha ‘hla thu a hmuam reng a niang e’ an tih ṭhin chhan pawh a ni a, Awithangpa
pawh a hla thu thiam hrim hrimna piah lamah hla thu a chham mai thei ṭhin kha a ni” tiin.3 He zia hi Dr. Laltluangliana
Khiangte pawh hian a nei a, intuam lum nan a sin reng ṭhin a ni tih a hriat hle a ni.
Kum 2004-a JNU, New Delhi hmuna Ms. Nirmala Putul hmêl a hmuha a phuah nghal
mai a chham hla pakhat hi chang khat chauh i’n tarlang reng reng teh ang. A
dang pawh chawpchilh taka a phuah nghal hi a la awm nual!
A
mawi kim chuang e - sakhmel ṭha sensiar saw,
Iang
zo awm thei maw - chhawng mawi, tuar har mi u,
Sual
zung kai lo sakruang chul ngai lo renga’n.
Awmhmun rawt kawr nena inkhawm
chu kan phelh phung ṭhin a ni ngai a, a ni zawng ‘on the spot’ ah pawh tluk loh rim a
nam ngei mai. He hla hi a
hla tlar tin bul chu AISHUARIA RAI HI tihin a la dah zui mawle! Ho taka
sawi duh tan chuan he Acrostic poem hi chu ‘hla ler tak’ a ni
hawt e.
A
hla chi hrang a tam ang bawkin hla thu ngai hman nawn pawh a ching lem lo hle
mai. A tawp ber atan Pasalṭha hla a
phuahte lo sawi leh lawk ila, tichuan kan kalsan thei tawhah kan ngai ang (kim
lo chung chungin!). Pasalṭha hla hi a phuah tam lutuk lem
lo a, amaherawhchu a phuah chhunte avang erawh hi chuan han ziah lan hi a phu
hle thung si. A hla thupui aṭang pawha a
chhunga awm tur hriat theih nghal mai tur chi hla pakhat, ‘Zo Hnam Pasalṭhate’ tihah chuan Mizotena mi huaisen,
ram leh hnam chhan nana an nun hlan phal kan neih mi hrang hrangte chungchang
tarlangin, an huaisenzia min by-heart nawn tir a, Ropuiliani aṭanga bul ṭanin Khuangchera thlirna
darthlalang min hun sak leh a, tichuan a chang nga naah chuan hnam pasalṭhate kiangah min han len tir a-
Hril zel ang aw -Hnam pasalṭha rual Kalkham, Lianphung,
Hnawncheu,
Dokulh, Ngurbawng leh Hnam sipai dang zawngte,
Ram
leh hnam tana nun thap fam chang tawh zawngte kha,
Kan
tan kawng sialtu hlu -Hmar Arsi an lo ni e.
tiin fiah fai takin kan mi
huaisen leh pasalṭhate hlutzia
a rawn tarlang a ni. He hla hi chang khatah tlar li zel a awm a, chang ruk a
awm bawk, hun kaltawha thil thleng sawina a nih bawk avangin ballad
huangah ngaihngam takin a khung theih awm e. Kum 1999 October thlaa Mizo sipai Shrinagar
hmuna bomb puak vanga thi ta Vanlalzemawia Naik sun nâna a phuah ‘Nghilh
loh Zemawia’ hi zir tham tling hla pakhat chu a ni ve chiang mai. He hla hi
Shakespearean Sonnet anga phuah a ni a, a hla tlar tawp ri inmil (rhyme
scheme) a awm thlap a, chung chu abab, cdcd, efef, gg angin awmze nei takin a
kal a ni. Mizote hian rhyme scheme awm bawk si, a hla thu ṭha leh a flow pawh kal
zaih mai hi phuah kan harsat hle a, tam tak hi chuan a tum pawh hi kan tum peih
meuhlo a ni awm e. Hemi chungchang hi |huamte Khawlhringin Zothlifim-ah pawh a
ziah nual tawh kha. Mahse a ni hi chuan hla mawlmang tak tur kha awmze nei tak
leh zirchian tlak takin a chhuah thei a ni. Tin, hemi hla bik hi chu english-in
a phuah tho a, english hi a mawi zual emaw tih mai tur a ni bawk! Pasalṭha hla kan neih ho ah chuan he
hla hian khehchhuah tur thu a pai tam ber awm mang e. A phuahtu Mizo thinlung a
lang chiai mai bawk, a chang thumnaah chuan-
Mangan
chet buai a nei lo ral huaisar lakah pawh,
Aw
a hlu ngei hmingthan Nopui a hlawh zawng,
Iang
zo awm ang maw ṭhang leh tharah pawh,
A
hniakhnung zuia’n hual nang e val dang zawng.
Ngun taka kan chhiar chuan Mizo
nih tinuam tur khawpa Mizona chu Nopui hmangin a tarlang kan ti thei ang. Tin,
a hla tlar tin hi lamrik sawmpakhat vek a ni bawk! He pasalṭha hla hian belhchian a dawl
takzet a lo ni. A sap hla hian mi tam tak thinlungah chuan a chiang zawk ngei
ang.
“...Ready
to fight any time and to sacrifice,
Out
of love for his country Bharat;
Ne’er
never will he move back,
To
a safe camp for leisure and pleasure,
For
he wore Zo-tawlhlohpuan in mind”.
Bharat piah lama chu pasalṭha thinlunga Zo-tawlhlohpuan ngei
mai awm tura a’n mitthla thiam leh inhmeh lutuk tak maia, a tlar tawpa a’n zep
thiam hi a mawi thlawt a, tupaw’n chhiar se a sawi tum an sawi chhawng thiamlo
a nih pawhin an rilruah zawng chian khat chuan a chiang ngei ngei ang.
A
hla phuahte hi a hranpaa paper hran buatsaihna tham a tling a, sawi châk
tak tak leh ṭul tak tak
la awm nual mah se kan sawi vek seng lo va. Mizo nun a veizia kawng hrang
hrangin a hlaahte hian hmuh tur a tam em em a, zo nun mawi leh ṭha, kan tlawmngaihna nun te
chhawm nun zel a duh zia te, nu leh pa a phuahna te, a tir lama kan sawi tawh
lawmpuina leh hun bik nei hla a phuahna te hi tam tham tak a la awm bawk a. Chu
chauh ni lovin sunna hla pawh a phuah nual bawk.
A
phuah dan kalhmang hi tawite han zep tel leh lawk ila. Style bik a neih langsar
tak pakhat chu a hla thupuia vuah dan hi a ni, a hlate hi a thupui hian eng hla
nge ni ang tih chhiar hma hauhin a tarlang nghal vek thei hlawm a, ‘Inthlan
hla’ han tih ang chi te, ‘Ram ṭuan nun’ tih te, ‘Chhamhla chhunkhawm
chu’ han tih mai ang chi hi hlui hnih daih dawn tur an awm a ni. A ṭhatna lai a awm ang a, a ho
riauna lai pawh sawi tur a awm ngei ang. Tin, a theih chin chinah tlartin
lamrik inzat turin a rem hram hram zel a, a buaithlak tur zia ngaihtuah chuan
ngaihsanawm tak a ni. Tin, langsar leh êm êm bawk chu hla tlartin bul awmze nei
chi ‘Acrostic poem’ a hmang nasa hi a ni leh a, a hla phuah kan ziak
tlar tak 88-ah khan hla 20 chu Acrostic poem an ni! Hmun li a ṭhena hmun khat an tling thuak a
nih chu. Poetical word a hmang tam lem lo hi a danglamna a ni leh bawk.
Heng vang te pawh hi a ni mahna mi tam tak chuan Pu Tluangtea hla chu a
lunglenthlak loh an lo tih fo ṭhin ni. Mahse kawng lehlamah chuan han
chhiar zawh rual rual hian a awmzia kan hre thei nghal vek mai a, hla thu har
pui pui hman ai chuan a chhiartu tan chhiar a nuam êm êm a ni. A hla phuahte
reng reng hi han en thuak chuan a hlutna hriat mai theih chi an ni lo va, mahse
han zirchian ralah chuan a zir tlakin khehchhuah tur thu an pai tam a, poetic
technique hman kawngah midangte tluk rual lohvin a uluk peih a, chu chuan a
hla an tihlu a, zir tur pawh a ti tam a ni. Hemi vang ringawt pawh hian a ni
ang mithiam kan nei hi kan vannei em em a ni, mahni tui tuia lo tui ve
ngawtte ai chuan a hlate hian kawngkal leh kalhmang fel tak zawng an nei thuk
zawk a, chu chu amah kan hriatrengna tur pawh a ni ngei ang.
A DRAMA ZIAK THLIRNA
Dr.
Laltluangliana Khiangte hi a nihna dik tak literally-a kan sawi dawn
chuan hla phuahtu ni lovin playwright a ni! A chhan chu heti lama a kutchhuakte hian chu nihna chelh
tir chu a phu a ni tih min hrilh a, a ropuina ber leh a tuina a ni a, kutchhuak
a ngah a, Ph.D a hmuhna a ni bawk. A lemchan ziak tawhte han tarlang ila. A
vaiin drama hi 17 lai a chhuah tawh a, chungte chu:
1) Nu leh Pa bum – Mahni Inbum (1983)
2) Thawmmawia (1984)
3) Faki te chhung (1987)
4) Duhawma leh Lalfaki (1990)
5) Hnehzova leh Rimawii (1991)
6) Chanchinṭha Meichher (1994)
7) Lalnu Ropuiliani (1994)
8) Thawmvunga (1994)
9) Chharmawia (1997)
10) Zorama (1997)
11) Pasalṭha Khuangchera (1997)
12) Tualvungei leh Zawlpala
(1999)
13) Balhla leh Mizo Tlangval
(2000)
14) Buia Sai-ip (one-act play)
(2001)
15) Kum Sangbi Tharah chuan
(2001)
16) Duat luat vangin (2001)
17) Beidawnna khur aṭangin (2001)
Khing
lemchan ho zingah khian a ziah hmasak ber chu Nu leh Pa bum-Mahni Inbum tih hi
a ni a, kum 1981-ah a ziak zo a ni.4 Lemchan hi a tuina ber a ni tih a hriat a,
lawmman pawh vawi tam tak a dawn phah tawh a, a ziah pawh hi a ziak tam narawh
e, la chhuah (publish) loh hi kan tarlan ho bakah hian 14 lai a la nei a ni. A
degree lâkna a ni a, literature lama a chemkalna mual a ni ti ila
thudik chanve hmanga mi bum tum zawng kan ni hauh lo vang. Mizo drama hrim
hrimah phei chuan a mimala chhuah tam ber leh ziak tam ber a ni mai awm asin.
Ani hi chuan kum 1991-ah khan Mizo Drama: A thematic Approach tih ziakin
Ph.D a lo hmu daih tawh a, Mizo zingah drama lama Doctorate Degree
dawng hmasa ber a ni nghe nghe. A drama ziakte reng reng hian an thleng sang
viau zel mai bawk hi a chhinchhiah tlak hle a ni. Kum 1994-a a chhuah Lemchan
Khawvel-I (Lalnu Ropuiliani) chu lehkhabu ṭha thlanna-ah pahnihna a nihpui a, amah phei chuan
pakhatna a nih pui lo hi mak a tih thu a sawi nghe nghe.5 A chhan
tawite han tarlang ila, kha mi ṭuma Book
of the Year top-3 ah khan mimal kutchhuak lehkhabu chu ama ziak chauh hi a
nih vang a ni. Kum 1997 kuma Book of the Year chu a lemchan ziah tho Lemchan
Khawvel-II (Pasalṭha
Khuangchera) hmangin a dawng ta tho a, lemchanbu Book of the Year-a
thlan tlak a ziak thei hi a ropui hle a ni. Lemchan tlak nat lem lohna kan Mizoram
anga heti ang dinhmun a luah thei hi thil chhinchhiah tlak tak a tling awm e. Mizo
ṭawng chauh ni lo English pawhin
Lemchan chungchang hi a chhuah tawh a, tihian Thu leh Hla-ah kan hmu, “Lemchan
chungchang Sapṭawnga a ziak Mizo Drama-Origin, Development and Themes tih chu 1993 khan
Cosmo Publications New Delhi-in an lo chhuahsak tawh a...,”6 tiin |huamtea Khawlhring chuan a
ziak a ni.
A
lemchan ziak Zoram khawvelin a hriat lar ber ber pahnih chu historical play an
ni a. Kan sawi tawh angin Lalnu Ropuiliani chu Book of the Year top-3
hial thleng theiin miin an hlut a, hnam rilru chawk tho thei khawp lemchan ziak
hi thil awlsam tak a ni hauh lo va, mahse he lemchan hi chuan chu rilru chu a
chhiartute rilruah awlsam takin a tuh thei si a ni. Ropuiliani thih dan
chungchang vel hi chu tragic flow ṭhaah chhiar tel a har deuh anga mah se a lehlam zawng
chuan historical play ṭha tak a ni
leh si a ni. A ṭha kan ti tlâng
a ni ngei ang vawi li lai chhut nawn a ni tawh a, lemchan ropui lohna rama thil
thlengah chuan lawm avanga zuan na tham chu a ni ve reng reng mai. Pasalṭha Khuangchera erawh hi chu
lemchan ṭha tak leh
ropui tak a ni ti ila, ka lama ban phar tur zawng ka van bik hauh lovang le.
Hei pawh hi kan sawi tawh angin historical play tho a ni a, heti lam
hawi hi pathum a ziak tawh a, a lemchan thleng sang ber ber dinhmun an
luah vek thei tlat a ni. A lemchan pakhat Thawmvunga chu tawi viau mah se Post
Graduate zir turin thlan a ni leh bawk a, helamah hian a kut a kal hle a ni
tih chu sawi tam vak ngai lovin a chiang tawk viau awm e. Khuangchera-ah khan
lo let leh ta ila. A plot a ṭha a, dialogue pawh duhthusam a tling a, tin dramatic
devices an tihte zinga mi soliloquy ropui tak kan hmu bawk,
Khuangchera vai sipai kap tura a ṭhian dangte an kal laia Nau lai hrilh a serh vanga a kal
thei rihlo an Lalin a tihdan lungawi vak lo va midang lo haw hnu a, amah chauha
a kal ṭuma a han
phun tirna ṭawngkam hi
chu a fuh thlawt a, a pasalṭha ṭawngkamte hian ngawi rengin
thinlungah thu an sawi mawlh mawlh thei a ni. Tin, a dialogue fuh em em
pakhat han lachhuak ila; Khuangchera pasalṭha rilru, vaihoin khua an hal alh dur dur a, ramhnuai lam
pana a Mizo puite an tlan chhe ṭhin
tlawmngai taka a’n sawi chhuahna ṭawngkam hi a ropui takzet mai,
“Mahni
in leh lo kang lai han thlir liam ngawt mai te hi kan tihdan ṭhin tur em ni aw? Khua tlansana
ramhnuai leh puk him lam pan tak mai te hi keini ṭhian chhan thih ngama inchhalte
awmdan tur a ni ang em tih hi ka inzawt chamchi a.”7
Mizo pasalṭhate rilru sawi chhuahna ṭawngkam atan chuan hei anga han
tawngsang tur thu ṭha leh ropui
hi kan novel-ahte pawh hian zawng ta ila a vang viau lo’ng maw ka ti
deuh a ni. He thu hi Mizoram chhunga cheng ṭhalai zawng zawngte hian by-heart ngat ila zawng ‘kei
chu Mizo ka ni ve lo, Lai/Mara ka nia’ kan tih ang chi hi a rehin ka ring
a, chu Mizonaah chuan rual takin kan ban kan phar theiin ka ring a ni. A
lemchan ziah dang Chharmawia te, Zovite chhung tih te, Buia Sai-ip (One act
play) tih te leh a dang tam tak pawh hi chhiar nuam tak tak an ni hlawm a, moral
teaching pawh a zep tel thiam hle a ni. Tin, kan hriatreng tur chu 1994 kuma Lalnu Ropuiliani Lemchan hi tunlai
khawvel (modern age) a lemchan rawn lansarh lehna langsar tak leh hmahruaitu a
rawn ni hi a ni.
Dr.
Laltluangliana Khiangte hi a luanna kawngah chuan thâng h<am khawpa thil ti ṭhin a ni a, chutih kawngah chuan
a fak hlawh tur zingah a hmasa bera ṭhu tur chi a ni leh mauh mai. Mizo hmasang thawnthu, tam
tak chu miten chiangkuang pawha an hriat tawh loh tur te ṭhangtharte tan leh research
scholar-te tan pawha ṭangkai tak
tur chi hrang hrang 45 zet chu a ziak chhuak a, a bu-in a chhuah thei hi a hlu
ngawt mai. A chhuah satliah a ni ngawt lova sapṭawng ngatin a la ti zui a, a hautak turzia chhut thiam
tan chuan ngaih hlut loh chi rual a ni lo. He lehkhabu hi a thei apiang chuan
chhiar chhuak ngei se thil duhawm tak leh hlawk thlak tak a ni ngei ang. Kan
sawi tum tak zawk erawh chu amah hi Folklorist a ni tih hi a ni.
Lehkhabu pakhat chauh chhuaha he nihna han pek nghal hi a lutuk ti kan awm mai
thei a, chuvangin han sawifiah lawk ila. Mizote hian hmasang thawnthu (folktales)
hi kan ngah hle mai a, mahse ziaka dah leh lehkhabua chhuah hi chu a la tam lo
hle a ni. A bik takin kimchang deuh tak, 45 lai lakkhawma sap ṭawnga dahna phei hi chu ka
hriatsual loh chuan a awm lo hial awm e. Pu LB Thanga hian kum 1978-ah ‘The Mizos
- A study in Racial Personality, tih chhuahin eng emaw zat chu a dah
ve a.8 A bak chu sapho
ziak, tlem tlema an lehkhabua an lo dah tel ho kha a ni leh mai awm e. Chu
vangin a Mizoṭawnga pakhat
ziah chhuah pawh a harsat lai a, ṭawng danga letlinga Mizo thawnthu 45 lai mai a lo chhuah
theih avang hian a zir ngunin a bei ngawrh hle ang tih a hriat a, ‘folklorist
a tling a ni’ han tih pawh hi a inthlahrunawm lem lovah a ka ngai. He lehkhabu
hi 1997-a chhuah a ni a, LTL Publications leh Art & Culture Department, Mizoram
publish a ni a, phek 218-a chhah a ni. ‘The Man Called Chhurbura’ tih-in a
thawnthu huang hi ṭan a ni a,
Chhura chungchang hi chipchiar takin tarlan a ni a, phek 14 aṭanga phek 52 thleng a chanchin
bik hian a awh a, Chhura thawnthuah chuan a kim viau awm e. A ṭhen(part) hmasa bera Chhurbura
chanchin a dah hi a fuh hle a, amah hian
a dah ropui hle a; introduction-ah chuan tihian a dah nghe nghe, “In
the first section, I have dealt with Chhurbura, who was considered to be the
real hero of Mizo folktales. I consider him to be the most interesting character
in the world of Mizo folklore. Chhura’s humor is inexhaustible and it is
interesting for everybody. He may be considered as the most memorable hero in
the world of simpletons” tiin.9 Heti ang thu han chhiar thlen hi
chuan Siamkima Khawlhringin, “Chhura hi Greek ho ni ta sela, Greek-ho chuan
a thih hun chuan Elysium-a awm pha ve turah an dah ngei ang,”2 a lo tih kha
rilruah a lo lang leh lo thei ṭhin lo.
Chipchiar tak chuan kan bihchiang vek lovang a, ama’rawhchu a tlangpui tak tak
erawh kan sawi ang. He ‘Mizo Folklore-I, Folktales of Mizoram hi ṭhen nga-ah a chhungthu hi ṭhen a ni a. Kan sawi tawh angin a
ṭhen hmasa ber chu kan mihuai kal
ta? Chhurbura pual a ni a, a mawngping khaw zin chanchin aṭanga ‘Male Nurse’ a nih thu
thlengin hmuh tur a awm a, ropui tak a ni. A ṭhen hnihna-ah chuan kan thawnthua mi huaisen kan neihte
chanchin aṭanga Samdala
thlengin, mipa hming lanna (Men Folk) ang chi dah a ni leh a. A ṭhen thumnaah chuan Hmeichhe hming
chawi thawnthu kan neih langsar tak tak Thailungi aṭanga Ngaitei dah a ni leh a,
thawnthu pariat lai dah a ni. Tichuan a ṭhen lina-ah nula leh tlangval inhmangaihna thawnthu kan
neihte dah khawm leh a ni a, thawnthu pariat bawk remkhawm leh a ni. A ṭhen nga-na leh a tawp berah chuan
ramsa thawnthu kan neihte leh a chi hrang dang ho12 lai dah a ni leh a. He
huangah hi chuan ramsa ṭawng theite
pawh an lo lang tawh a, satel leh zawngte chanchinte hi a tawi naa zir tur thu ṭha an pai ve a,chhiar zawh hnuah
rilruah satel felzia a lo lang ve zut zut thei a ni. Eng le khawle he lehkhabu
hi lehkhabu ṭha leh ro
tling tak a ni tih zawng phat rual lohvin a chiang em em a ni. Kan sawi hmaih ṭep, he lehkhabu hi hindi-in
tunah an let mek bawk a ni. Hengte avang hian Folklosrit ṭha tak a tling a ni tih hi a
pawmawm hleah keichuan ka ngai.
A
dawt lehah chuan Criticism hi Mizoṭawnga a tlukpui phuah a ni nual tawh a, chung zingah
chuan fakselna tih hi a pawm a nuam ber mai awm e. Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte hian literature
hi kawng hrang hrangin a luhkhung a ni tih kan tarlang tawh a, chung zinga
pakhat chu mi thuziak lo thlitfim leh a ṭha lai leh chhe deuh laite lo sawi zau a, lo lipsena, a
lam tawia Fakselna kan tih tak mai hi a ni. A ziak tam tawh hle awm e, amah pawhin prose
work-ah rau rau chuan kutchhuak a ngahna ber niin a ngai. A lehkhabu pakhat
Zalênpar-ah chuan heti lam hawi thuziak hi sawm a dah a, chungte chu han
tarlang ila; Suihlunglen hlahril, Kan tiam tawh si, Thamral lo Mitthla,
Suangtuah ram hlimthla, Beisei Ram, Engtin awm ta zel ang maw, Lungmawl selin,
Thihna leh keimah, Hringchan Piallei, Ka thinlung luangliam tihte hi an ni.
Tin, heng bakah hian thuhmahruai tam tak a ziakah heti lam hawi hi a ziak tel
fova, ama`rawhchu tun ṭumah hi
chuan a lehkhabua chuang chin ho chauh hi kan thlur zui rih ang. Suihlunglen
Hlahril tih hi Capt.L.Z. Sailo ziak a ni a, Mizo chhiara phek li leh a chanve
chhungah thlir dan kawng hrang hrangin a thlir a, tin, a lehkhabu ziah dangte
pawh a sawi kai a, ‘Awi karei Lucknow’ tih a ziak chu tifuh a tih thu
te, lehkhabu dang a tihchhuah tawhte chanchinte a hrut chho a, a lehkhabu ziah
tawhte chu a vaiin a tlar chhuak nghe nghe a, Suihlunglen Hlahril a
thlir dawn emaw tihlaiin a kual zawngin a motor hi a khalh ta daih mai a, a ṭhatna lai a awm rualin lehkhabu
mal thlir tur ni si a, a kual ta duah hi hi chu a fuh vek bik lo. A han thlir
chinah erawh chuan mithiam tih takah chhiar manhla tak turin a dah chhuak ta
zung zung hlawm a, Capt.L.Z. Sailo-in kan suangtuah ngai loh nun ram min
hmuhtir thiamzia te a rawn sawi lang a. Buddhism sakhua aṭanga Zoroastrianism te, Sufism
te leh Shintoism sakhua te, Taoism leh Confucianism thlenga min thlirpui
leh a rawn hrut kual thei chu a fak hle a, hlahril hmanga a la puangchhuak thei
lehnghal phei chu ṭha a ti hle
tih a tarlang a ni.
Criticism
lamah hian kutchhuak a ngah thawkhat a, ama’rawhchu a hna pui ber erawh a
ni lem lo tih a hriat. Tin, amah hi critic chu a ni ngei a, mahse heti
lam hi chu a hna peng pakhat chauh a ni ve lek fang a ni. A thuhmahruaia a ziah
tam tak chu hmuh mai a harsat avangin kan hmâ tel lo mai ang a. Zalênpar
lehkhabua a bihchian ho bik hi en ta ila, heta aṭang ringawt pawh hian critic ṭha a ni em? tih leh a thiam em?
tih te chu a teh theih em em tho a ni. A thawnthu bihchian pakhat Engtin awm
ta zel ang maw? tih C.|huamluaia ziak hi a hlu ngawt mai. Kum 1990 kuma
chhuah a ni a, tun lai tan chuan hmanlai a chang thei ṭep tawh a ni. A chhuahna a rei
tawh a, mahse chhut nawn a ni si lova, tunlai ṭhangthar tam tak chuan eng nge a nih tih leh eng lam hawi
nge a nih tih pawh kan hre thei ta lova. Sialton Official lo by-heart
tlauh tlauh ṭhintu tan
chuan C.|huamluaia hi engti kawng mahin a te thei lova, a kutchhuak pawh hi
thil hmuh châkawm leh chhiar châkawm tak a tling a ni. Chuti ang a nih laia Dr.
Laltluangliana Khiangtein bihchianna a lo nei hi keini tan zawng malsawmna
tenau han tih loh rual a ni lo. A thawnthu tlangpui leh riruang chu he
bihchianna aṭang hian kan
mitthla thei ta faih faih a, chu pawh chu a hlu titu tan chuan thinlunga khung
nghal mawlh mawlh tur khawpa thu ngaihnawm a tling a ni. A thil thlir dan han
tarlang leh ila, critic a ni naa mi sawisel a ching lo hle mai, a
thuziak tam zawk hi kan en chuan sawiselna lam a tlem hle tih kan hmu thei a
ni. ‘Hringchan Piallei’ a bihchianna-ah chuan tihian a ziak a, “Fakna hlang hi chu vanramah kan
la dawng dawn tho tho bawk a, he leiah hi chuan a famkim lo lai han phawrh hi a
ṭul ve bawk ṭhin a ni”, tiin10 a inthlahrung em em a, a tlar dawt leh chiahah
phei chuan, “Kan pi pute pawhin chawngkhum dan tlang huat loh te pawh an lo
tih ṭhin kha maw, tu’n huatthu-ah an la em lo vang chu”11 a la ti ta hram a, mi pawi sawi a
hlau hle mai. Ti chung hian a sawisel tam chuang hauh bawk silo, han pai ṭawih theih loh tur khawp engmah a
chhak chhuak chuang lem lo a ni. A fakna thu lam erawh a uar thiam hle a,
hmasawnna kawng khat tala an lo hmuh theih nan leh an phur theih nan a thuziak
hian a pui ngei ang tih pawh a rinawm hle a ni. Tin, thil bengvarthlak tak tak
han zeh tel a thiam a, kan hriatna tizau thei tur thil a dah tel thiam hle
bawk.
A
thuziak ṭhenkhata a
tihlan ngei ngei ṭhin thil
pakhat chungchang lo sawi zui lawk ila.
Chuta thil langsar em em pakhat inhnialna chawk tho thei khawp thu awm
chu poetry thlir dan thar hi a ni. A ni chuan poetry chu chhamhla, a hrila hril
chi chauh hi a ni a ti a. “English literature kan en paw’n hei hi a chiang
a, poet an tih ho chu chhamhla phuahtute chauh hi an ni,” 12 tih te a sawi nasa hle ṭhin. Hemi zul zui hian Mizo
poetry pawh hi kal ila a duh a, poetry, song, hymn song tiha kan hlate hi ṭhen hran a rawt a. Mahse he a
rawtna hi mithiam tamtak chuan an duh lo va, kan hla ṭha tam berte hi poetry ni
lova song emaw hymn song emaw huanga an luh dawn vangte pawh a ni
mahna. A zir duhte tan chuan hetia thliar hran hi a awlsam phah hle awm e, a ni
pawh hian chu chu a hria a, a tlangau pui nasa hle nghe nghe a ni. Hemi
chungchangah hian kan mithiam ṭhenkhatte
thlir dan dik tawk lo a tihzia te, an hrelo nia a hriat thute a sawi fo ṭhin a, fimkhur tak chungin ziahte
pawh a ziaklang ṭhin, lehlam
lahin amah hian a hrelo zawk alawm an ti ve thung a, amah deuh chauh hian a
pawm lo tih te a ri nawk mai. Engpawh nise tun dinhmunah hi chuan he thlir dan
thar hi a nawlpui hi chuan pawm harsa an la ti hle rih tih a lang a, a lo dik
a, a lo ṭha a nih
chuan pawm hun erawh zawng a awm ngei ang, zangkhua pawh a bungbut ṭhin kha maw!
Awle
tunah chuan thutluang ziak lama a tha thawh chungchang kan hma leh rih ang. He
huangah hian a essay ziakte leh a thuziak dang hrim hrim chungchang sawi
kan tum dawn a ni. Thu hi a ziak tam tawh hle a, a zat dik tak sawi fak a har
hle. Za chuang tak meuh meuh a ziak tawh ti ila a dikah ngai phawt mai teh ang.
A thu ziak tam tak hi chu chanchinbu hrang hrangahte chhuah an ni a, han hmuh
vek sen a ni lova, a zawn pawh thil hautak tak tur a ni, chuvangin tam tak a
ziak tawh tih hi pawm phawt mai ila a finthlak ber ang. A essay ziakho
hi lehkhabu pakhat Zalênparah a dah khawm a, he lehkhabua a dah ringawt pawh hi
a tam tham thawkhat hle mai. Tin, a hranpa ngatin a zinna ram chanchin (traveloque) a ziahna hi
Korea & Ramfan Thukhawchang tiin tun hnai mai (2009) khan a tichhuak leh
bawk. He lehkhabuah hian Korea ram a zin
chanchin bâkah hmun hrang hranga a thil tawn leh dai hriat a ziaka, a ngaihnawm
takzet a ni. Khawpui changkang leh thil changkang tak tak a tawn hriat a
dahkhawmte hi a hlu tih hian kan sawifiah zo meuh ang emaw chu. Mega city
i fang thei ang a, National museum-te pawh awmhmun aṭangin he lehkhabu hmang hian
engemaw chen chu i bih kual thei ngei ang, chu mai a la ni lo India Prime
Minister-te hial pawh i mitthla thei ang a, i hriat loh thil chi hrang
hrang i hria anga, nidanga i la hmuh ngai loh lungawina chu i hmu ang. Korean
i ngaisang a nih phei chuan he lehkhabu hi lei la, chhiar la mutpui hmiah rawh,
i rin loh ang takin thil ṭha hlir i
hmu mai ang. Mihring tute mai pawh hian chemkalna bik riau kan nei a, kan tum
leh tih em em pawh awm lo hian kan thil thenna lamah hi chuan kan tla na phian
zel a. Chu chu mihring zia a ni, Wordsworth-a pawh ‘Nature hi a Pathian a
ni’ an tih fo ṭhinna chhan
pawh hi a chhan pakhatah chuan ‘a thil thenna lam a ni ve miau alawm’
tih hi a dik ve fu in ka ring ṭhin. Chuti
ang chiah chuan Pu Tluangtea pawh hi a thuziak, a bikin essay-ah rau rau
chuan ramfan thukhawchang (traveloque) ho hi a ngaihnawm zual a, mi mai
maite pawh hi khawvel tukverhah min dah chhuahpui daih a, ram leh hnam
hmangaihna rilru erawh thiam takin a sep chhuak ṭhin si; chuvangin heti lam hi thutluang ziakah chuan a
chemkalna dik tak a niin ka hria.
A
thutluang ziakah pawh hian langsar leh riau pakhat a awm a, chu chu a ram leh
hnam a vei zia a ni. Nikum (2008) maia Mega City an tih mai ṭhin zinga pakhat Mumbai khawpuia
Aantar Bharati Conference an tiha a kal chungchang a ziahnaah hian a
hnam rilru chu a lang chiang hle mai. Padma Shri Awardee tiin an o
chawimawi thiam hle a, chu’ng vangte pawh chu a ni mahna thusawina hun ṭha tak an pe a, Mizoram hming
pawh state dangte hming aia hmasa-ah lam rik a lo ni ve ta a. “Sikkim hma
chiaha min lam chhuah ve hram chang a tam. Kan tel ve avanga Mizoramin hriat
a’n hlawh riau mai te chuan kei chu min tilawm ril raih mai” 13 a ti te hi a chapo reng reng lo
va, a ropui em em zawk a ni. A sawi chhunzawm zel a, “Kan telna apiangah
chhuak khawm zinga a hrui hraw pawl ni thei zel hlawm ilang chuan Mizoram hi a
lo lar ve tial tial dawn chu a ni mai e a” 14 a’n ti te hi a va dik tehlul em. Chu chauh a
la ni lo, “‘I awmna hmun a piangah eng rawh’ tia Kristiante kan infuihna
hrulah chiah mai hian, ‘I awmna hmun apiangah i ram leh hnam chawimawi rawh’
tih hi thupuia kan neih reng a ṭul hlein ka hre ṭhin” 15 a la ti ta
fo va, a ram leh hnam a hmangaihzia hi sawi belh vak pawh ngai lovin heng thute
pawh hian a tilang chiang hle a ni. A ram aiawha hmun tam taka a kalnaah hian a
satliah nih a duh ngai lova, Mizoram hi eng nge a nih miten hria se a duh a, a
hun lo pawh nise a ram tan chuan ât a so hreh lo! Kum 2003-a National
Conference on Tribal Languages, New Delhi-a a tel ṭuma thusawi apiangin hindi
ringawta an sawi a hriatthiam loh vanga minute nga lai mai Mizoṭawnga thu sawi lui ve ngat ngam
khawpa ât so duh mithiam, a ni ang kan nei hi Pathian hnena lawmthu sawi mawlh
mawlh tur kan va ni em. U.N. khawmpuia A.B. Vajpayee thusawi chu tluk
mah suh se a maha awm Mizo rilru chu hmuh hmaih rual a ni lo. Amah ngeiin chu
lai hun a sawi dan han tarlang leh ila. A sawi zo chiah chu a tia lawm,“Kan
khuallian lam ka va hawi a, a lo nui ruh ruh a, ani chuan min hrethiam hlein a
lang. A ṭhen chuan, “a va â em!” tih melhin min melh a, a ṭhen chuan, “a tho â a ni lo’ng
maw?” an ti awm e” tiin.16 Mahse hei hian rah ṭha a chhuah a, a hnuah chuan english-in
thu an sawi ve ta a ni tih min hrilh. Ani chuan, “Ngawi renga ram khat aiawh
nih ringawt mai hi chu ṭhain ka hre lo.....At so kan nih pawhin ram aiawha â-ah ka inngai” a ti thei a ni.17 Mizo tam tak chuan Vairengte pela ni hnih thum
kal kan thlen chuan Mizo nih te hi an lo zak leh mai ṭhin a, kan hnamah hian kan chiang
lo ta mai ṭhin, heti
ang mite tan hian amah hi zirlaibu chhah tak a tling a ni. Spirit of
Northeast Inkhawmpui 2009 kumtira New Delhi-a neihah pawh Mizoram
aiawh a paper chhiar turte tu mah an lang lova, nil ai chuan tiin huai takin ât
a so leh ngam te hi a ngaihsanawm mang e. Han thur chhuak leh lawk ila, “National
seminar puitham tak an huaihawt bawk a. Chuta tan pawh chuan Mizo tu mah an
lang lo. Sawm an awm lo chu a ni lo. Thuziak chhiar tura beisei Mizo pathum an
awm a, an hmingte pawh a tlar ve ṭhat a, mahse tu mah an lang lo zu
nia! A va pawi ṭhin tak em! Kei ta pek chuan ât kan so leh ta a nih chu!” tiin.18 Amahah hian Mizo tana ṭhahnemngaihna hi engtiklai mai
pawh hian a nung reng a ni tih a hriat a, he a ram hi ava hmangaih em, mite hmâah
a mualpho tur a ni lo tih hi ava nunpui chiang em. Tarlan loh atan chuan ka ui
deuha kan thai lang leh hram teh ang, “Ka thupui ngai bawk, ‘Mizoram hi an
lang lo bik tur a ni lo’ tih chu changchawiin ka’n inti huaisen chawp a....Mizoram
‘nil’ tur chu ka ngai ngam lo ve” 19 a han ti thei te hian kan
vanneihzia min hriatchhuah nawn tir fo rawh se. A hranpa ngata chhui tham thil
tam tak a ziak a, phek tam tak daih a ni a, phek tlemte a han sawi zuah mai chi
a ni lo. A thuziak hi han thluai thlum tum lutuk avanga ṭul lova thildang sawi tak vak ang
chi a awm lova, tlang takin a sawi nghal mai a, chhiar a nuam a, tin, a essay ṭhenkhat phei chu zirlaiah te pawh
hman a awm bawk a, ṭawng thar
chher tum ranin engkim hi a ziak emaw tih tur a ni a, a bikin english thumal ṭhenkhat chu Mizoṭawngin a ziak maia, entirnan;
tisat(t-shirt) te, Zubili(Jubilee) te, Tivi (T.V) han tih ang chi hi tam tak
hmuh tur a awm a, heti lamah pawh hian a thawh hlawk pawl chu a ni awm e. Tin,
thuziakmi dangte ang bawkin thu hman uar bik a nei ve a, langsar ber mai chu ‘chhap
e’ tih hi a ni, he thu hi a thuziak hrang hrangah hian thuchangkim(sentence)
tawp khar nan a hmang nasa hle a, a langsar bik hle a ni. De Quincey-an ‘Literature
of Power’ a tih ang chite pawh a kutchhuakah hian tam tak hmuh tur a awm a,
hringnun kaihruai thei thil tam tak a ziak a, personal essay kan tih ang
chi te pawh a bilh tel vek a, a tlangpui erawh chuan a thuziak tam berte hi chu
‘Literature of Knowledge’ tih tur ang chi an niin a lang. A thuziak leh
lehkhabu ho chhiarin, a bik takin traveloque hoah hian diary ami
a ngai ngaia lak chhuah niawm tak hmuh tur a awm leh zeuh ṭhin a, chhiar erawh an tihahthlak
deuh.
Tin Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte hi Biographer a ni bawk. Mi chanchin hi hun chep tak karah pawh a ziak zel thei a, mi pakhat chanchin ziah pawh a har dawn tehlul nen ani hi chuan heti ang lehkhabu hi panga lai a puitlin tawh a, hla phuah thiam Lalruali chungchang te, Biakliana Robawm te, Liangkhaia Lungphun te, Lunghlu tih te leh Khawlkungi Kutchhuak tih te thleng hian a kutchhuak vek an ni a, a thawh rah hi a lawh a lawh tham tak meuh meuh a awm tawh a, a rah lah hi a hmin ṭha in a thlum pawh a thlum viau a, kan literature khawvel hian kawng kawi pawh ngil takin ani zârah hian a la zawh zel thei a ni. Sawi hmaih theih hauh loh tur chu Literature History mumal taka a bua a chhuah hi a ni. Ama kutkawih vek ni mah suh sela a buatsaihtu a ni miau a, han ngaih hlut loh ngawt chi a ni der lo. Heti lamah hian kutchhuak pakhat chauh a nei a, mahse a hlu veng veng thung si, a Thuhlaril avang ringawt pawh hian he Mizo literature khawvel hian a theihnghilh tawh mai maiin a rinawm loh. BA first year-ah he lehkhabu hi zir a ni a, a chhiar apiangin ropui an ti a, har pawh an ti a, chu chuan a hlutna a tizual nasa em em lawi si. He thuhlaril avanga BA first year kum hnih beinawn tawhte pawh an awm a, an vanduai kan ti dawn nge an thiam lo kan ti dawn tih pawh hriatthiam a har hle mai. Engpawh nise an zir tlem a niang e.
Kan
han lut kawi thuak thuak hlawm a, mual ṭhenkhat chu kan pawhchhiat viau pawhin a rinawm, eng pawh
chu nise kan tlin tawk leh phak tawk chu hei zawng hi a ni mai a, kan hotupa
hlutna erawh kawngkhat tala chawisan a châkawm ngawtmai! Mual khat chauh thlo
lova mual li mual nga kan vaihma avangin a kutchhuak hlutna te, a thupui hawi
zawng te, a thu ken te leh a ropuina tam tak chu hriat vek a harsa mai thei a,
mahse a ni hi Mizo Literature khawvelah hian mi pakhat a tling a ni tih erawh a
lang chiangin a rinawm. Translation a ni emaw, thuziak a ni emaw, english-lama
kutchhuak ngah ber a nih a rinawm a, tin, a kutchhuakte reng reng hian chhiar
nawn leh ngai khawp thu hlu an pai ṭha em em vek bawk a ni. A pumpuia thlir pawhin a lehkhabu
chhuahte, essay a ziak zawng zawngte, Mizo thu leh hla english-a a
translate-te, seminar paper zawng zawngte nen chuan Mizo zingah a ni aia
kutchhuak ngah hi an awm kher lovang tih hi Sam ziak ang maiin a rintlakin ka
hria. Shakespeare-a drama hamlet a lehlin te hi chhiar a nuamin a thu chheh
pawh a mawi hlawm hle. Heti lamah pawh hian kal thui ta se hming a chher leh
theimai awm asin. Heng Othello te, Ben Johnson-a Alchemist-te pawh lehlin a tum
tih ama’n a sawi a, a puitlin hun a nghahhlelhawm ngei mai, a leitur zinga tlar
hmasa luah lumtu nih zawng a phurawm ngawt ang le.
Literature
ṭhuang (Literary Genre) hrang
hranga kutchhuak ngah êm êm Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte hi English ho tana
Shakespeare-a a pawimawh ang hian keini Mizote tan chuan nakin thleng pawhin a
pawimawh êm êm reng ang a, a hlutna pawh a kum telin a pungin kan hre chhuak
chho zel ngei ang. He kan Mizo literature tana a hn<n leh a zâr nih
fawmkemtu Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte kan nei hi engti kawng zawng pawhin ‘Mizo
ka ni’ inti tân hi chuan a hlu a, kan Literature hmahruaitu ni zui zel teh se.
References:
- Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana., Rochuam, p.9.
- Ibid., p. 69.
- Thanmawia R.L. Dr., Zirsangzela leh a Hlate, Seminar paper, unpublished, p.4.
- Class Lecture., Dt. 7th September, 2009.
- Ibid., Dt. 15th October, 2009.
- Thu leh Hla., May 2002, p.21.
- Khiangte Dr.Laltluangliana., Pasalṭha Khuangchera, p.
- Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana., Zalênpar, p. 131.
- Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana., Folktales of Mizoram,p.8.
- Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana., Zalênpar, p. 366.
- Ibid., p. 366.
- Khiangte Dr.Laltluangliana,MizoHlahrilthlanchhuahte, p.10
- Khiangte Dr. Laltluangliana., Korea & Ramfan Thukhawchang, p.250.
- Ibid., p. 251.
- Ibid., p. 251.
- Ibid, 205.
- Ibid, p. 205 & 206.
- Ibid, p. 274.
- Ibid, 275.
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